Este trabalho analisa a criação do Ministério da Saúde, em 1953, por meio da identificação dos principais agentes envolvidos, seus interesses e estratégias utilizadas para atingir seus objetivos e influenciar o processo de mudança institucional. Relacionando este processo às características particulares do contexto político da época, identificaremos, entre as arenas de decisão, aquela que ganhou relevância; apresentaremos as variáveis políticas que interferiram no surgimento dessa nova agência estatal autônoma para a saúde pública.

This analysis of the 1953 creation of the Ministry of Health identifies the main actors involved, their interests, and the strategies they employed to reach their goals and influence the process of institutional change. Placing the process within the context of the era's specific political characteristics, the article identifies the predominant decision-making arena as well as the political variables that influenced the emergence of this new, autonomous government agency for public health.

The objective of this study is to reflect on the institutionalization of biotechnology in Brazil, relating it to the historical and institutional context marked by the national science and technology policy implemented since the 1970s. We focus on the configuration of biotechnology at the Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ) to exemplify developing countries' difficulty in disseminating an innovation model based on networks originally established in developed countries. The research shows that the lag between scientific capability and technological development at FIOCRUZ resulted from the institutional dynamic related to its process of reconstruction beginning in 1975, governed by both S&T policy and health policy for the production of immunobiological products in the country during that period.

Le but de ce travail est de réfléchir à l'institutionnalisation de la biotechnologie au Brésil, dans le cadre historico-institutionnel marqué par la politique nationale de science et technologie mise en place dans les années 70. On est parti des aspects de la biotechnologie à la Fondation Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ) en tant qu'exemple des difficultés de diffusion, dans les pays en voie de développement, du modèle d'innovation basé sur des réseaux, constitué à l'origine dans les pays développés. Ce travail montre que le décalage entre la formation scientifique et le développement technologique existant à la FIOCRUZ résulte de la dynamique institutionnelle liée à son processus de révision depuis 1975, régi aussi bien par la politique de science et technologie de l'époque que par la politique de santé concernant la production d'éléments immunobiologiques dans le pays.